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As with defining Track Two, the history of Track Two is also contested, with some scholars citing differing origins of Track Two diplomacy based on their working definitions of the field. Below you will find a number of resources discussing the history and possible origins of Track Two Diplomacy. On our website’s resource section, you will also find a selection of case studies, which may also shed light on past Track Two efforts.

Ethics is a topic often discussed within Track Two Diplomacy (including at our previously held Convener’s Community of Practice Annual Workshop), and often begins and ends with loaded questions. To help shed light on this general topic, below is a helpful resource discussing ethics within conflict resolution.

In order to gain a richer understanding of Track Two as a field, it is important to look beyond theory and consider case examples. These case studies provide valuable insights on different facilitation methods and process design considerations. They also offer a concrete sense of what Track Two looks like in practice, in a variety of complex conflict environments.

The definition of Track Two is contested even within the field, with many Track Two practitioners and participants operating with different terms and goals in mind. Below you will find five resources which may be useful in illustrating the range of conceptions of Track Two and give further insight on some of the goals, theories, and practices used in Track Two Diplomacy.